Link Building 2013: Looking Back At This Year’s Top Link Week Columns

With each passing year, search engine algorithms grow increasingly sophisticated in their ability to identify (and penalize) spammy links. Among other things, this year marked the fourth and fifth releases of Google’s spam-filtering Penguin update (Penguin 2.0 and 2.1, respectively).

Additionally, many link building tactics that were once considered legitimate were unceremoniously moved to the “spam” column in 2013. Google updated its webmaster guidelines to provide additional guidance on what they now consider to be an unnatural link, and even Bing detailed several ways not to build links.
The launch of Google’s Hummingbird algorithm and its potential impact on link building activities was also a hot topic among the link building community. Add to that the possible death of Google Toolbar PageRank, and you have quite an eventful year for all the linkers out there!
What topics did Search Engine Land’s link building community find most interesting this year? Take a look at our top Link Week columns from 2013:

We appreciate the hard work our Link Week columnists have put in this year to help link builders stay abreast of relevant guideline changes and algorithm updates. Stay tuned for more great link building advice from our Link Week column in 2014!

Article source: http://searchengineland.com/link-building-2013-looking-back-at-this-years-top-link-week-columns-180269

Spring Time Is Travel Time - Enjoy the Best Holiday Destinations This Spring

Spring break is here and so is the time to travel. Vacation brings joy, breaks the monotony and is time for celebration. It's the only time in today's busy world to catch up with old friends and family. As travel has become luxurious, convenient, and cheap, many of us prefer travelling during vacations. Apart from sun and sand, there are wide options available today. Some even have ingredients of creating life long memories.

Whether you are looking for relaxing getaways, an adventure safari, catch up with your hobby, party atmosphere or learning something new, the tour packages or travel deals are already being planned and the tour companies are set to offer you best family holiday packages. A growing no. of hotels and tour companies are catering to families.

Essentials

It's the gadget world and they can entertain you anywhere. Carry your Android as the foremost gadget. Few apps such as Google Maps, Layar, and flight schedules are important for any sort of holiday, especially, an adventurous one. Carry games that you enjoy playing. Android has a wide collection of game application in its app stores. Pick the free ones and enjoy the travelling.

Don't forget to fill in your device with the best music or carry an iPod. Though your phone includes a camera, I would prefer a separate SLR one to capture the best memories that last forever.

Book your travel
Internet is the world of information and best medium to book your travel deals. Online travel booking companies provide tour information and the destinations they offer to cover in the package. It is easy to surf through discounts offered by various agencies, at once, without leaving your house. Business establishment over internet has led to fierce competition, which in turn benefits consumers as they can choose the best destinations within their budget.

Top holiday destinations
Some of the most coveted destinations across the world, for 2011, are as follows:

Doha, Qatar: Doha is drawing tourist attention for the Doha-Tribeca film festival. Along with this, the city is hosting professional soccer's Asian club. Doha is for the people who love beaches. It has beautiful beaches and less crowded gourmet restaurant.

Rio, Brazil: Another beach destination is Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is shedding its image as a sun, sea and samba town, and adopting glamour and sophistication as a new image. Enjoy summer Olympics and 10 course Brazilian dinners at Rio.

Cruise getaway: If you are looking for something more exclusive and want to go on a week's holiday, cruise journey is the best. It takes you to some islands that you have only dreamt about. The cruise journey is full of entertainment for family and kids and the food served is amazing. This can be costly vacation but worth participating in.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6252232

Obtain the best deal online to do Successful Online Shopping

Online shopping is becoming a boon now days and a very common activity for any women and annoyance for men. If it become easy and comfortable to shop as much as your heart wants and even if from your home … will shopping still be measured a bane??? Perhaps it will be for men.  

With the internet gaining so much interest these days, a great way to shop and do it from the convenience of your home is by shopping online. It comes with a lot of advantages as well as cons; however the pros do make the cons seem negligible. It might feel like a big task to find the right deals online but it's just a matter of looking at the right place. There are a lot of websites that give you good deals and here are the ways to find them.

Low Rates

We shop online for the convenience it has as well as to save ourselves some money. You will find a lot of websites that offer you merchandise at low rates. It is ideal to search for websites with lowest rates for the product you would like to purchase and compare them. Each of them would have different ways in which they provide the discounts. You would benefit if you calculate the shipping and delivery charges attached to the products. Many websites give you a low-cost on the product but will compensate that by including the difference in shipping and delivery. This not something you would find helpful if you are looking for lower rates.

Products on sale

A lot of the websites have a sale section that offers products at discounted rates to customers who would be interested. If you happen to be looking out for a particular item and you find it in the sale section, then it would be worth looking at. These items on sale are usually sold at lower rates and are worth buying.

Coupons galore

When you look for items also look for websites that give you coupons on those items. You will find many websites offering you discounts and coupons. The festive season is one period that you can find numerous coupons and discounts on almost all websites. Make use of these coupons and you are sure to save some money. Some websites offer you coupons for later use as well. This helps go back and purchase something that you need later on.

When you have the necessity to buy in bulk you can look for buy one get one free offers. You can usually take two items at the cost of one using this offer. This comes handy when you are on a tight budget however need to gift someone.

Second hand items

Many times the things that are sold as second hand items are actually products that are used just once. This is a very good way to strike a deal. Websites like eBay are really good at providing such items. You actually get to buy items at a 20% discount from the real value. This helps save a good amount.

The Google advantage

Shoppers usually look for websites on the first or second page of the Google results. You can instead browse through websites displayed on the 4th or even the 7th page and you would be able to find websites that offer good deals but haven't been explored yet. The advantage is that you would be the first to identify that these websites offer you far better deals. Some of these websites also offer products that are unknown to other shoppers and you would be the first to find out and own them.

One of the best ways to shop is buying online as you do not have to spend a lot of time or money on products that you wish to buy. Being vigilant and smart is vital in striking good deals online. One of the ways you can do that is by checking out Fullkart.com. You can get mesmerizing deals that help you save money.

Keep your data safe with Android jelly bean 4.3

Android jelly bean 4.3 a one of the latest version of Android provided by google has many superior features. Google added five significant security features under the surface. Apart from that, Google has also added other two new features that work with any Android version being used now days.

Android jelly bean sandbox reinforced with SELinux:

Android jeely bean 4.3 includes SELinux now, a obligatory admittance manage (MAC) system in the Linux kernel to increase the exclusive recognition Number based application sandbox. Almost all apps with the Android sandbox makes them more secure.

Some users are cautious of SELinux, since the NSA had a large hand in creating it. Since SELinux, just like all of Linux, is open source that seems foolish to me. After all, the code is right in plain sight for anyone to look for security holes.

KeyChain enhancements:

You will be happy to know that Google has launched a new API that is named KeyChain API. This API enables applications to authenticate that system-wide keys are bound to a hardware cause of trust. So you don’t need to worry about the NSA snooping on your messages now. It indicates that OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) developers can add confidential keys that cannot be copied off the device, even if it’s or else absolutely compromised.

It will not stop the NSA -- or mainly most important Internet companies -- from using metadata, big data, and traffic analysis to remain an eye on you, but it will ultimately assist to stay the contents of your messages and apps protected.

Android Keystore Provider:

Android 4.3 also introduces a keystore provider and APIs that allow applications to generate exclusive-use keys, at the same time. It means that those apps can generate or accumulate confidential keys that cannot be seen by any other app. 

Increase your Visitors to your Facebook Page through Facebook Applications

What are the Facebook Applications?

Most of people are using Facebook for social network and for stay in touch with their friends and family. Do you know what Facebook Application is? Facebook Application is one of the important characteristic of facebook. People are crazy to use facebook cause of these applications. If you apply various facebook applications to your facebook fan page, user will enjoy that and you will have more followers to your page.

What is the role of Facebook Application in Visibility Increase process?

If you have more fans on Facebook, then it is easy to spread your services to the world. Add Facebook applications to your facebook page attractively to get more and more visitor to your page. You can add also flash games to have fun to your fans. You can have more options like RSS Feeds and all. 

Connectivity Between two social networking sites

Facebook Application has best feature which permits you to connect another social networking sites like Twitter, YouTube, Nutshell and other social sites. Because of this feature, you can reach to more and more visitors. If you connect this social sites to your facebook pag, Facebook will automatically share your post to another social networking sites.

Make attractive design of your page so you can have target visitors and you can have more business.

Sensitive E-skin for Robots

That day is not so far when robots will be touchy and feely like humans. Robots that made from metal in human size can do multiple works. These robots look same as human and can do different kind of work, these robots will have now skin that identify sensitivity of skins.

Because of this skin, now modern robots will look exactly like human and while touching them they will make us to feel same sensitivity and softness just like human being. Researchers of California University had tried to make sensitive fingers of robot that can pick up the delicate drinking glass carefully.

They also made e-skin for such robots from in organic materials. For this they used germanium/silicon nanowires on a cylindrical drum, which was then rolled onto a sticky substrate. This e-skin is one kind of chip which is slimmer like rubber and it make robot to feel touch. This robot can carry a child and play with him without any harassment.

The substrate used was a polyimide film, but the technique could be used with a variety of materials, including other plastics, paper or glass, the team said. The nanowires were deposited by the drum onto the substrate in an orderly fashion, and then the substrate was processed into thin, flexible sheets.

For the e-skin, the engineers printed the nanowires onto an 18-by-19 pixel square matrix measuring 7 centimeters on each side. Each pixel contained a transistor made up of hundreds of semiconductor nanowires. Nanowire transistors were then integrated with a pressure sensitive rubber on top to provide the sensing functionality.

The matrix required less than 5 volts of power to operate and maintained its robustness after being subjected to more than 2,000 bending cycles.

The e-skin developed by the team can detect pressure from 1 to 15 kilopascals. That's about the amount of pressure used to complete daily activities like typing on a keyboard or holding an object, the researchers said.

Such sensitivity is necessary to create a human prosthetic hand that can distinguish between the force necessary to, say, hold an egg without cracking it and the force necessary to lift a heavy pot without dropping it.

Google has released its goo.gl URL shortener to the public

Google has released its goo.gl URL shortener to the public, and created a standalone website so that anyone can use the service to shorten and track the URLs they share via social media sites and e-mail.

The phrase “Google it” is getting a whole new meaning today; the search giant has just released its goo.gl URL shortener to the public and created a standalone website so that anyone can use Google to shorten and track the URLs they share via social media sites and e-mail.

Goo.gl initially debuted last December as a feature integrated into other Google () products. Google’s newly public URL shortener competes with a myriad of other popular services, Bit.ly () being the most notable of the bunch.

The company claims that its shortener boasts stability, security and speed. The former two are especially important as several other services have been plagued by both downtime and malicious parties masking deceptive links. Goo.gl features automatic spam detection, and “near 100% uptime since our initial launch,” according to the company’s announcement.

The product also comes with expected URL-tracking features. As a goo.gl user, you can log in to your Google account to view URL history, traffic sources, referrers and visitor profiles for countries, browsers and platforms.

Google is known to hide bonus easter egg features in its products, and goo.gl is no different. Earlier today, Google engineer Matt Cutts tweeted one such easter egg — add .qr to a shortened goo.gl URL and you’ll create a QR code that, when scanned, will redirect to the original URL. It’s a quirky additive that makes goo.gl all the more friendly for brands and marketers experimenting with QR codes. A Twitter () tipster also informed us that you can add .info to the goo.gl URL to check out analytics.

As for why Google is going public with goo.gl, it’s anybody’s guess. Initially, goo.gl was designed because the company didn’t want to rely on other URL shorteners for the same purpose. Our guess is that it’s another small part to the much speculated about social strategy. After all, Google is the business of URLs, and URLs are the fabric of the social web. What’s your take? Share your thoughts in the comments.

Cloud Burst, Cloud Computing

It’s the right season to go chasing clouds–in a manner of speaking. So we present the ‘seriously dumbed down guide to cloud’–the hottest term in computing
Ever so often, in your company’s IT department, you’ll hear someone say, “Why live in the desktop when you can live in the cloud?”
At this point, nobody is going to blame you if you wonder what the IT department has been smoking. It might pay to get on board though, tiresome as it may seem. After all, you just finished mastering “wet lease” and came to terms with “rainmaker”, and now there’s “cloud” to contend with. In the world of jargon, there’s never a drought, is there?
But the good news is that “cloud” and “cloud computing” are swiftly saturating, lurking in the corridor of every company that wants to bring down costs and be liberated from the “tyranny of the geeks”. In other words, IT departments are simply using the term—made sexy by Google’s Eric Schmidt in 2006 to describe his company’s approach to Software as a Service (SaaS)—in a bid to describe the client-server model (hang in there, we’ll translate this too, in just a moment).
Everyone’s cloud-surfing
To begin with, we’ll get rid of your chief anxiety-inducing question: What if I don’t use cloud? Am I a technological troglodyte?
Chances are really low that you are not already using cloud computing. If you use a Web-based email service (such as Hotmail, Yahoo, Google, GMX or Gawab), you are already using “cloud”. Congratulations.
But this might leave you scratching your head and asking, “So, what’s new then?” Well, what’s new is that cloud computing has now begun to radically change the IT business, transforming it for large and medium enterprises as well as for individuals such as you and me.
Assume you have a small business or run an NGO. Using a Web-based email service helps you do three invisible things: move the load of computing from your desktop or laptop to a machine owned by someone else on the Net; stop adding storage space or backup devices as the volume of your emails grows; and not purchase the software on which the email runs. Yes, as a business and as an individual, you are not buying software licences any more. And you are still on the right side of the law. How cool is that? Because anyone who runs a business is familiar with the nightmare of buying additional licensing as the workforce grows (for specifically business-related cloud computing services, see “Nine ways to live among the clouds”).
Even if you’re not a business owner or manager, but have used Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Flickr, Photobucket, YouTube or Vimeo, you are a veteran cloud user. If you use Google Docs to store, share and collaborate on your documents, you have moved a step ahead on the cloud computing platform and qualify as an advanced user. And if you’ve begun to use Wikis for content management and collaboration, you are perhaps a cloud computing champ. In fact, you are qualified to use terms such as “distributed-access workspace” just to confound everyone and effectively keep competition anxious.
The SaaS syndrome
At this point, you may wish to describe cloud computing as “Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like electricity”. That’s the simple Wikipedia definition. Notice how it also carefully includes a rough-around-the-edges definition of SaaS.
When you put software on the Web and make it accessible to multiple people, you get SaaS. “Because SaaS can be designed to be modular and ‘pay-as-you-go’, it has become the hot option over software that you buy, own and keep paying licence fees for even when you are not using all the features of the package,” says Darshan Jadav, CEO of Pune-based Widget Factory Software, a decade-old company that has expertise in financial software and offers small and medium businesses with supply chain management capability in cloud.
Fundamentally, Widget Factory brings SAP-style resources to small firms in the area of pay, accounts, inventory management and control, HR management, business intelligence and reporting tools. What providers like Widget Factory enable for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is the ability to use and pay for what they need, without having to worry about platforms, infrastructure, software upgrades, availability, backup and crashes. “Best of all,” points out Jadav, “they don’t need an IT team to run around managing complex technology. Cloud takes the headache out of computing.”
It’s raining convenience
What cloud does is reduce start-up costs for enterprises by bringing down investments in hardware, controlling spiralling software and hardware upgrade outlays and shrinking IT maintenance crews.
But what does it do for you and me?
To begin with, thanks to cloud computing, you can work from anywhere and access your data even when you are not on your own computer. Your data and software applications are available to you regardless of where you are, as long as you can log on to the Internet.
Besides, with your data living in cloud, you become machine-independent—whether you have a PC or a Mac at your disposal, you can access your data just by opening a browser.
So if your computer crashes you needn’t worry about your data—just move to the next terminal and continue working. A few months ago, Vishal Bali, the CEO of the Wockhardt Hospitals group, lost his laptop. It wasn’t the hardware that he was worried about—he needed urgent access to data to continue with his meetings. Perhaps, if the data were maintained in cloud, there would have been a silver lining.
The dark cloud?
But there is probably good reason he didn’t put it there. Because cloud computing usage is also going through a serious reality check on the security front.
No one wants sensitive company data to sit on a computing grid that is shared by others—including the competition—unless it is secure. So the question is, what happens if your cloud computing provider’s systems are hacked or compromised? A June 2008 Gartner study, Assessing the Security Risks of Cloud Computing, said cloud computing had associated risks in the areas of data integrity, recovery, privacy and even legal issues such as regulatory compliances (for example, you may not be comfortable with local privacy laws where your data is being stored if it differs from your own country’s) and auditing. These issues are being addressed as standards are being developed by Cloud Security Alliance (www.cloudsecurityalliance.org) and other organizations.
Meanwhile, SMEs and individuals don’t need to get overly apprehensive. What large enterprises—and governments—are debating is somewhat similar to what we were wondering about a decade ago when we walked around with floppy disks: What if I lose the disk? We lived through that, right?
DRIVING A DIFFERENCE
Honestly, what’s so great about cloud computing? Here’s an off-the-beaten-path (but on the road) example to set you thinking.
You own a car. And you plan to keep it for the next 10 years. Aren’t you lucky the car does not have an onboard computer? Because if it did, the computer would be outdated in a couple of years. Which is why auto manufacturers are reluctant to install powerful computers on the dash, preferring to have simple things such as GPS devices there. But if you could install a device that accesses the computing power in a cloud, it would make for a killer app. The thrust here is on keeping it relevant through the life of your investment, since a car’s life spans 10-15 years on average. So, while the actual computing device would remain the same, the cloud computing power behind it could keep improving, providing the car with a value-for-money feature that you don’t have to pay to upgrade.
NINE WAYS TO LIVE AMONG THE CLOUDS
Cloud-based services beyond email and social media that you may want to explore
Comindworks
www.comindwork.com
Meant for project management on a reasonably large scale. Assign tasks, create and share Wiki-style information, track projects, store project artefacts, maintain to-do lists, even create Gantt charts, workflows and milestones. Pay-as-you-go pricing.
Basecamp
www.basecamphq.com
Basecamp is a project management and collaboration product of 37Signals (a Web-based software firm). Adidas, Hard Rock Café and DHL are just some Basecamp users. Works with a variety of mobile phone apps for third-party planning, reporting, time tracking, billing and invoicing applications. From $24 (around Rs1,200) per month onwards.
Box
www.box.net
A lighter competitor to Basecamp, with document and project management capabilities, such as Office-on-the-go. Has a free version.
PBworks
www.pbworks.com
Content management and sharing tool for business, education and personal use. PBworks is great to use when you have a community sharing information, such as a birdwatchers’ club or a cooperative housing society. It’s also ideal when you are collaborating with customers or collating data, such as an NGO that wants to capture knowledge from a variety of different sources, or from organizations to individuals. Pricing will depend on the services you want to use.
TWiki
http://twiki.org
Flexible, industrial-strength, open-source Wiki tool for collaboration, document management, and creating and using a knowledge base. In use by global enterprises such as consultants, mobile service providers, IT support companies, publishing firms, travel agencies, career matching services and so on. Pricing will depend on the services you want to use.
SalesForce
www.salesforce.com
From $5 a month upwards, this suite of applications hosted in the cloud helps manage sales contacts and capture leads from your website. It lets you use lead management, reporting and analytics as well as delivering scalable CRM (customer relationship management) tools. Used by Su-Kam and Bajaj Finance, among others, in India. Pricing will depend on the services you want to use.
Novatium
www.novatium.com
This is a Chennai-based company with outstanding credentials and an approach that lets it stick its neck out: Novatium provides Desktop as a Service, Software as a Service, and a complete virus-free computing environment. Novatium markets thin clients: low-maintenance machines that connect to a central server, from where software and data is accessible for computing. Novatium turns all computing into a service, like a utility: You pay for it when you switch it on, much like electricity. Makes a great option for educational institutes that want to offer computing power to all their students, but don’t want to make a large upfront investment in hardware and an IT maintenance team. Pricing will depend on the services you want to use.
Google AppEngine
http://code.google.com/appengine
Lets you host your applications without having to own the hardware. This is a really low-cost and reliable solution for start-ups that need to build and test applications before moving on to their own infrastructure (if at all!). Each app costs $8 per user per month. No payment required while the app is in development.
Dropbox
www.dropbox.com
Data files (video, photo, music, docs) spread across your laptops, desktops and mobile phones can be replicated across all the devices by just updating them in one place that is hosted in a cloud. Makes data loss impossible and makes sharing a breeze—just share the appropriate folder you want with anyone. 2GB storage free. Dropbox, in turn, uses Amazon’s S3 cloud storage service as a back-end. Pricing will depend on the services you want to use.
Arun Katiyar is a content and communication consultant with a focus on technology companies. He is a published author with HarperCollins and has extensive media experience spanning music, print, radio, Internet and mobiles.

Make Money Online

Every body needs money to live a peace full and happy life. So now day money is called vitamin M as no one can live without it. If we have less vitamin a, b, c, d, e and k then we can enjoy the life the way we want but without this vitamin M it’s impossible to enjoy the life the way we want, we need.

 How to make money online? It is the question that has made everybody to worry. Each person is running towards making money. People spend most of the time, may be 15 hours a day to make money, and even they could not reach the target they want to earn they will not hesitate to spend more time.

Internet is not only the tool of entertainment, its bit more then it. There are number of genuine opportunities to make money online. And the biggest advantage of making money online is the fact that it allow us to work from home.

One more good way to make money online is Blogging. We all know that there are great possible to build a handsome paying career with blogging. We can have unlimited opportunity to monetize our blogs.

Here I am showing you some over all easy ways to make money online.

• ·         You can earn money with Ebay.
• ·         Earn Money through blogging.
• ·         Make money by doing Affiliate Marketing.
• ·         One other way to make money online is forex trading.
• ·         Google adsense is the most popular and easiest way to make money online.
• ·         By writing articles and web content also we can earn money online.
• ·         You can also earn money online by selling the E-Books.
• ·         Another great way to make money online is ClickBank.

These are just overviews of making money online, now I would like to discuss the way how we can earn online by doing above activities in my next article.

Why An Employee Leaves the Job???

Now days it’s a major issue for well known organization as well as small business that their employees are leaving the jobs. If the organizations want to remain their prestige in market and really understands the value of their employees the management of the organization should look in to the matter and if required has to interfere for the same even with HRM as well as personally with the employees. It’s very much important task for an organization or a business company to remain the experienced, honest and capable employees now days.

The success of company or business is built on work proficiency of employees and their abilities, when a capable, experienced and an honest employee leaves the company then company may have lose. To have another employee instead of the current, provide him guidance may take time and money, and it happens that company can not get the new employee as the old one in same salary too.

In this case company should compromise with less experienced person if it gives importance to the employee, it may be harmful to company, and if the company goes to the same experienced person with high salary then organization has to face the other employees that may be a reason of unity of an organization. It is not fact that each time an employee leaves the job just because of less salary; other so many factors are responsible for it. Some times an employee does not leave the job but he leaves the senior person, manager or supervisor. There may be many departments in a company; if the movement of leaving and hiring an employee is happening to a single department then it may fault of manager or the head of the department.

When a Manager behave with the employees as machine, when he takes the work forcefully to reach the targets then employee feels as misbehave, and he has to leave the company. In fact he leaves the manager not the company. When manager can not promote an employee, asks to follow the rules very rudely, can not manage for the progress of an employee then the employee feels his future in dark, and the result is that he has to leave the company. If he could not leave the company then he will work as a machine and loses his efficiency of work that may harm the organization.

Some managers behave either in the way of relationship or follow like British government “Divide and Rule”. Such managers have fear of unity of all the employees that unity of all the employees may harm to his own self so to keep a command on all the employees he tries for disarray between employees continuously. He has been partial to the employees who move around him and injustice to an honest employee. At this time an honest employee will be pessimist and when he gets the chance he leaves such manager. Such manager can be harmful to the organization in long term.

Some Managers keeps the employees away from required tools or facilities under the reason of frugality, so employees get troubled in work to complete it in proper way within time limit and manager will blame on that employee. E.g. if a marketing manager gives allowance with a sales man can not have his two times’ bread, or he has to take long time to travel in such cases the sales man get tired and will do less work and can not achieve the targets and be pessimist. At this time if he gets an opportunity he will join the competitor. The organization may harm with a great loss when an employee join the competitive company. If this employee had get good clients with his own ability and has developed personal relations with clients then it may happens that the organization lose the clients too.

Some managers get fear from the persons who are working under his supervision, so he never gives an opportunity to his lower level person. Even don’t take their advice while taking the decisions, if it’s the chance to get appreciation the manager will always try to prove that he has done that job at all although the second level person has done 90% of job. At this time that second level person will ever try to get appreciated and when ever get opportunity leaves the organization. If the organization will try to find out the actual reasons why employees are leaving the job and take proper actions against them it can save its prestige as well as precious Manpower.

Use Orkut and keep in touch with friends & relatives.

Who does not know Orkut???

In this high tech world, where every thing is being done online now within few seconds either it is the issue of money transaction or generating the business as well making branding of a new product. Online world has made every thing quick and easy in the last ten years, It will be strange if some one does not know Orkut.

Orkut is an online community which has made easy to be in touch with friends and relatives. It has also helped to keep update our self by its photo sharing and scraping services. Now a day people do not wait for a mobile message or a phone call of friends, they just wait for a single scrap, and be in touch with their loved ones.

Some times I feel that Orkut has bring our past communication method once again.
Earlier people wait for a mail of their friends and relatives on some occasion or in festival, same way now they wait for a single scrap on Orkut for the same. Orkut has reduced the distance between our friends and relatives.

I would like to share some Advantages and Disadvantages of Orkut over here, hope they will surely give you better idea of using Orkut.

Advantages of Orkut:

• Any one can get registered with Orkut within a few minutes.

• We can create a detailed profile, with which we can give and get an idea about our self as well others that can be editing any time.

• We can make n number of friends in Orkut.

• We can send n number of scraps to our friends and relatives.

• We can also create and share our photo albums with Orkut.

• We can also be fan of our loved ones; as well can send teaser and much more.

• We can create and share our favorite videos while using Orkut.

• Play games or number of good applications.

• Send free SMS on friends’ mobile.

• Promote or get promoted your self, product or services that you offer to people.

• Send personal messages to friends if you don’t want others to read :)

• Write good testimonials to impress the friends ;)

• We can create the events too.

• We can get updates of our friends and relatives.

• We can create an app and can add them to Orkut.

• We can share and hide our self, as well as everything that we have done with our Orkut profile from every one too.

The list can be long and long but these are the main advantages that any one can have with his or her Orkut profile. :)

Disadvantages of Orkut:

• If you have not done proper settings for your account any one can search and see your profile, photos, videos, scraps and every thing you have done with your account.

• The most effective disadvantage that I feel just today is, if you have any friend named X, on orkut, you have installed skype in your system, and has contact the same name X you will find Skype icon with the person who is in your orkut id. It means you will think it’s the same person that you have added in orkut but it may be that both the persons are different so be aware of this. :)

So keep this both Advantages and Disadvantages of orkut in mind, while scraping, messaging and photo sharing.

Don’t forget to enjoy video sharing too. :)

Save your computer from Facebook virus

Since last week I am getting the email from Facebook that includes below message.

Subject: [virus Win32/Oficla.DI trojan] Facebook Password Reset Confirmation! Customer Message.
From: support@facebook.com

Dear user of facebook,

Because of the measures taken to provide safety to our clients, your password has been changed.
You can find your new password in attached document.

Thanks,
Your Facebook.

Such emails have an attachment of .zip file, if I want to try to save it or to download it it shows virus alert. First of all I think that it might be true as it looked genuine, but when I tried to open and save the attachment and tried to reset my password it showed a virus alert.
Steps to keep your computer safe from Facebook (and other) Virus.
• If you want to reset your password indeed don’t click any link of such kind of emails that ask for the confirmation.
• Please don’t try to download any attachment; especially any .zip file. However, either Facebook or any other website does not send us any attachment to reset our password.
• Kindly use latest version of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browser.
• Use PhishTank website to check if you suspect any website.
That’s it for the moment!

Rules and Benefits of Submitting articles in Ezine Articles.com

Today while discussing with my friend about getting free back links I get inspired to write about this.

Article submission is a good way to get free one way back link for any website. Any SEO wants to get free back link for his own site as well as for client’s website, either it’s a service providing website or just a small website having 5 to 10 pages.

Ezine Articles.com is one of the best article submission website to submit articles free. One can generate good back links through this website by submitting good articles. Ezine is one of the best just because it provides free article submission to authors initially as well as it has good relevant and pure high traffic. I am saying initially because it has limits of free article submission. One can not spam with this website.

Here good, relevant and pure words have some definitions. Yes the things are well maintained over here by categorization. One can not submit any article to any irrelevant category, Ezine has its own editors’ team to check and verify articles quality and all the relevant things.

Benefits of using Ezine articles are as below:

• Ezine provides Free article submission
• Ezine provides Expert author status
• One can create free profile with own photo.
• Our article can appear on the high-traffic home page just within 48 hours
• Pure and Well categorization
• Impartial human editors.
• Free back link to a website on three keywords.
• Generate rss feed for each article
• Good, pure and relevant traffic.
• If article is good instant publishing
• No one can use, write or publish your article twice.
• You can post article up to 5000 words
• One can resubmit the article which is not published because of any issue.

I can say that if you get expert author status on Ezine, you can submit or publish your article on any website any where across the globe. 

Keep in mind these rules while submitting your article on Ezine articles.com:

• Post your article in appropriate category, irrelevant categorization may stop your article being published on the website.
• Place your own photo don’t use any irrelevant image.
• If you are submitting your article free you can not use more then 3 keywords in author signature.
• No one can use
• Keywords should be comma separated
• Don’t post half articles or just paragraphs.
• Don’t post an article that have less then 250 words.
• By previewing the article we can have idea of spelling mistakes and can make it correct.
• Don’t post any copied articles.
• Post the original articles written on your own only.

So what are you waiting for?? Just go to ezine and submit articles absolutely free, and get impressed your client as well as earn an expert author status.

7 BIG advantages to submitting an XML sitemap ...even when your site is already using an HTML sitemap

As you know, an HTML sitemap is a single webpage that is essentially a list of links to all of your site's web pages. It provides a means by which a searchengine spider can easily find and crawl all of your site's pages. On the other hand, a XML sitemap (aka a Google Sitemap, although it's used by Yahoo and Microsoft as well) is a special file that provides searchengines with specific directives about what pages to crawl and how often.

Searchengines are not required to strictly obey these directives but they do tend to use them as guidelines.
Every site needs an HTML sitemap. An XML sitemap, on the other hand, is not strictly necessary. But there are several advantages to having one...

You increase the chances that search engines will find all URLs you want indexed. You can set a priority and last modification date on your more important pages to ensure more regular crawling. Your sitemap data is integrated with your other site data in Google Webmaster Central, making these associated tools even more useful.

Google states that XML sitemaps are particularly useful if...Your site has dynamic content.
Your site has pages that aren't easily discovered during the crawl process, such as pages featuring AJAX or Flash.

Your site is new or isn't well linked. Google crawls the web and finds pages by following links from one page to another. If your site isn't well linked, it may be hard for Google to find and index all of your pages. Your site has a large number of pages that aren't well linked to eachother, or are not linked to at all.

While an HTML site is a must-have, an XML sitemap is nice-to-have—but not necessary. However, if your site has pages that are difficult to get or keep indexed, an XML sitemap is the best way to keep search engines instantly and continuously informed of changes to your web site while telling it specifically which pages you would like to be given priority in the indexing process.

Brand Management Part-2 Brand Equity & Brand Franchise

Brand Equity
Regarding my previous post about What is Brand management? here is some more details about Brand equity & Brand Franchise today. Brand equity refer to the marketing effects or outcomes that grow to a product with its brand name compared with those that would grow if the same product do not have the brand name. At the base of these marketing effects is consumers' knowledge. We can say in other words, consumers' knowledge about a brand makes manufacturers/advertisers respond differently or adopt properly expert actions for the marketing of the brand.

Brand Franchise:

An arrangement between a brand name producer and a wholesaler or vendor that gives the wholesaler or vendor the private right to sell the brand producer's product in a exact territory. This arrangement is usually done by contractual agreement over a period of time. A brand franchise allows the wholesaler or vendor to sell the product in a noncompetitive market and therefore to set price boundaries as the traffic will bear.

"What is Brand Management"???

Today while having a cup of coffee, one of my friend asked me that what is brand management, and his question awake me to think on it. I found that are very low awareness about this topic so I decide to write something what I know about the brand and brand management.

Well, Brand management is nothing but the application of marketing techniques to a specific product or brand. To show the value of product to customers it is required to increase brand franchise and brand equity. The people expect quality products, from a brand name and they continue the future purchase with the same brand, same way marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality should be maintain for the same product.

Now question arise here what is brand Franchise and brand equity? In my next post I am going to cover these two topics in detail.

Here is the Basic Idea about Brand Management.

Brand management is just an application of Marketing the Product or Brand.

In a competitive market, while making a comparison it may increase the sales more. The manufacturers may get more charge for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer. This can result from a combination of increased sales and increased price, and/or reduced COGS (cost of goods sold), and/or reduced or more efficient marketing investment. All of these enhancements may improve the profitability of a brand, and thus, "Brand Managers" often carry line-management accountability for a brand's P&L (Profit and Loss) profitability, in contrast to marketing staff manager roles, which are allocated budgets from above, to manage and execute. In this regard, Brand Management is often viewed in organizations as a broader and more strategic role than Marketing alone.

How registering your domain name for longer periods might help your search rankings.

I've heard that Google interprets longer domain registrations as a
signal of quality. Is it true that Google will treat my site differently if I
register or renew my domain for 10 years versus just two years?

Answer: The short answer is: It will never hurt your rankings and it might,
theoretically from time to time, help your rankings ever-so-slightly—maybe,
but probably not. Here's the deal.

A Google patent made public in 2005 referred to several ways by which
Google may distinguish between illegitimate and legitimate domains. One
aspect is the length of time a domain is registered for. According to the
patent, legitimate domains are more likely to be paid for several years in
advance, while doorway and spam-heavy domains are rarely registered for
more than a year in advance, since the owner knows they'll likely be
penalized anyway.

Based on the patent information, several domain registrars began prompting
their customers to lock-in new registrations for long periods, claiming that
doing so would help their search engine rankings.

However, since that patent was released our observations indicate that
extended domain registrations don't have much, if any, impact on
rankings. It certainly doesn't hurt, but you should not expect it to give you
any major boost in the rankings.

Even so, it is interesting to note that Google's patent application does state
that domain registration could be a potential ranking factor. But just
because something is in a patent doesn't mean that it's actually being done.
All it means is that the patent holder wants to reserve the right to possibly do
it someday.

Also relevant is the fact that Google, as a domain registrar, only has access
to the database of public (but not private) whois records. So, in theory, if you
keep your domain registration private (as many do for privacy and personal
security reasons)

Google has no easy way of knowing how long your domain is registered for.
Finally, it's worth noting that domains in the UK are prevented from being
registered for periods longer then two years at a time, making the point moot
for British sites.

So the bottom line is that it may be good business practice to register your
domains for longer, but you really shouldn't count on getting a ranking boost.

How to Get A Flood of Pre-Qualified Customers

Knocking Down Your Door Using Local Search and
Geo-Targeting ...and get local search engines to list your site exactly where you
want them to! — By Carrie Hill

I have a small confession to make. I almost chose to leave the words Local
Search out of the title of this report. That's because, to me, Local Search
implies looking for something nearby (also known as Nearcasting). And though
Nearcasting is a form of Local Search, we can't forget about Farcasting
either.

Farcasting is search performed with local intent but for a location that is not
necessarily local. Travel searches are a great example of this. I'm headed to
Tampa with my kids next week, so I searched online for Tampa Bay Family
Restaurants to see where the best dinner places were in the area. I
performed a geo-targeted search but my query was not local—it was for an
area that was nowhere near where I live in Colorado.

It's very important when optimizing for local search that you understand how
customers use Nearcasting and Farcasting and the impact each can have on
your business. We'll discuss those top ics, as well as Yahoo Travel, Google
Maps and more. I'll also provide a handy checklist at the end for you to use
to evaluate a site's geo-targeted local search readiness.

Although the ranking algorithm for geo-targeted local search is quite different
from that used for the organic search results, we can identify several factors
that will help your web site rank better for searchers performing geo-targeted
queries.

There are an enormous number of online businesses targeting user s looking
for something located in a particular area. Hotels, plumbers, attorneys and
more can all benefit from using enhanced geo-targeted search optimization
tactics to out-pace competitors and capture market share for short and
long-tail geo-targeted terms.

The Key to Getting Your Business Recognized for What AND Where it
is...exactly!

It's necessary to tell local search engines what the business is, where it is,
and what's nearby so they can find it, index it, and provide an enhanced
user experience to the searchers perfor ming queries for th ose targeted
terms.

You will really need to carefully describe the products, services and
operations of your business on your web site. The business is not just Instead, the true description of the business is...

A personal-injury attorney that specializes in
trial law in and around Santa Barbara County
in Southern California.

See the difference? We're now telling the search engines exactly...

What the web site provides (a personal injury attorney),
Where their service area is (Santa Barbara county)
What's nearby (Southern coastal California).

Describing the site with text, links and addresses in very minute detail
allows the search engines and local search platforms to be very sure of
your intention and market. Th is helps them decide which results to show
for a query.

When someone searches for personal injury Santa Barbara, Google or
Yahoo can be very confident that your web site provides a positive user
experience and they're match ing the user with a site that does exactly
what they're looking for. The user doesn't want a site that does contract
law in San Francisco — and th e site owner in our example doesn't want
clicks that are from users looking for contract law in San Francisco.

Telling search engines exactly WHERE you are...

Is as simple as putting your street address and local phone number on
every page of your web site, in text that's easy for search engine spiders to
read. You can also use descriptive keywords in your page titles, site meta
data and in the text on your site.

Think about how you perform queries online when looking for local-related
products and services. You'll often include a city, state, zip code or feature
such as beach or mountain. Work these kinds of keywords into your body
text so that your pages will rank well for these types of searches.

And, if you have the capability — add the hCard microformat to your site.
This is basically a coded business card for your web site. Yahoo Local has
stated they definitely use the information in their process, and Google
Maps claims they can use it but don't always.

It's fairly simple to use, particularly if you use the automated hCard
Creator. Very likely most sites will use this format in the near future to
deliver a standard set of location information to any engine that can use it.

Getting Your Site Indexed Exactly where you want it to (how to score a
listing in Google's 10-Box)

The search game is ALL about getting your listing in the top ten of google.
Well here's a tip that could potentially get you listed in Google's top
listings overnight - so pay attention.

Whether or not Google even displays a 10-box is based on competition and the
quality of the information Google has. If a query is made for a very competitive
term the 10-Box will show up nearly every time. If a term has only one or two
competing sites, we typically don't see the 10-Box.

Let's discuss how to get your site added and be sure you're doing every
thing you can to compete for those spaces. First you need to do your
research on the sites that are showing up in that 10-box for your
keywords. What exactly are they doing that you're not doing? Likely it's acombination of items.

Here are the 4 main questions that you need to get answers for:

What page of their site is optimized for that keyword?

Remember every page on the site carries a certain amount of
weight in the search engines. Pages that have more incoming links
and weight will support a competitive keyword in a way that allows it
to rank much higher.

Do they have a street address and local phone number on
almost every page of their site?

Have they claimed their Google Maps Listing? Look at the listing
in Google Maps and see if they've added categories, images,
videos etc. If they've claimed & updated it then they're ahead of you
and you need to catch up.

Dot hey have a large number of reviews? Just about every site
with a 10-Box listing will have several reviews, indicating this is a
big factor in getting listed.

Updating your Google Maps Listing

Make sure you have a free Google account before you start this process. It
takes just a few minutes and will be the first step to claiming your listing.
Once a Google account has been created, perform a search for your
business name and location to see if it's listed already. If ther e is already a
listing, choose to edit the listing. If your business isn't alread y listed, follow
the steps in this Google Maps help file.

There is a natural prog ression to updating information in Google Maps.
Required info must be provided before the next button will work. Fill in the
blanks as completely as possible and don't skip boxes unless the
information is not applicable.

I strongly encourage uploading any videos and images as these really
make a Google Maps listing stand out. It's a great way to enhance and
deliver information to the user.

Claiming your Yahoo Local Listing

Many consider Yahoo Local's ranking algorithm to be much simpler than
Google's, but that impression is changing. One thing to consider is that
Yahoo Local generally provides more user-friendly options with their local
listings.

Make sure your meta data is correct, that your listing has been claimedupdated, and that all pertinent information related to your location is
on your web site. Reviews do count in Google, but carry even more weight
in Yahoo Local. Thus, one of your best bets to ranking well with Yahoo
Local is to get some reviews.

Yahoo Local also allows users to sort by reviews — so if you have the best
reviews in your area and industry — you're going to rank higher in the
related queries that are sorted by reviews.

Justin Ziegler is an attorney who's site is a great example of how to
properly optimize for Yahoo Local. The site is large and well optimized,
with an updated and fully utilized Yahoo Local listing and a large list of
great reviews. If you want a web site to rank well in Yahoo Local, then do
what this site has done.

Claiming your Microsoft Live Local Listing

Most people don't realize that Microsoft Live even has a Local Listing
Center where you can login and enhance or update your business's
information. Well they do and it's worth the time to do a quick update here.
While the local ranking factors for Google and Yahoo are straightforward,
Microsoft Live Local Listings does not have clear optimization guidelines.

Distance from the central point of a geographic area (usually a post office
or town hall) does appear to be an important factor. Add ing text such as 2
miles from city-center to your pages may help in some cases, but your
actual physical address is key to determining distance from this central
location.

Also important to note is that the market share for local search es on
Microsoft is still quite small, so start with Yahoo and Google if your time is
limited.

Internet Yellow Pages

Many Internet Yellow Pages sites offer enhanced listings for a small fee or
for free. Site owners who see a bit of traffic or rankings coming from these
resources should consider upgrading their listing. Keep in mind that they
will most likely try to sell what they call search marketing services. In
general, their sales people are stumped by the simplest SEM questions,
so avoid these services, as the return is rarely worth the investment.

Sponsored results take up a large amount of space in most internet yellow
page queries. These are folks who have signed on to do some paid
advertising and if that is what brings them a significant amount of
business, that's great.

A limited and controlled test is suggested if you or your clients choose to
go down this road. It's possible to blow hundreds and even thousands of
dollars on these types of listing s with little to show for it.

This doesn't mean internet yellow page listings should be completely
overlooked, however. They are an option for a small business owner who
doesn't have a lot of time to invest in a fu lly fu nctionin g web site. An
internet yellow page landing page is better than nothing —but in my
opinion it's less than ideal and it's probably impossible to infiltrate the top
local listings in Universal Search queries with this type of landing page.

I will always recommend a full web site that has links pointing to it and
that is optimized for keywords pertinent to the business if rankings are the
goal. You don't need anything fancy — just functional, user friendly and
updateable.

Link Building and Local Search...

Just as in regular search results, good links are extremely important to
ranking well in local or geo-targeted search. One new thing to consider is
the local implications of your inbound and outbound links. Consider what
kind of websites someone looking for your web site might be looking for.
For an attorney they may need insurance or information on a particular
municipal code or tax law in your area. Getting links from and linking to
sites that provide this information gives your local presence and
information more weight. So, when you are link building look to businesses local to your area.

Your Local Search Checklist

As promised, here's a list of th e most imp ortant factors to look at when
optimizing for local search. Focusing on these factors will help you rank
higher in both the Geo-Targeted searches and in regular search results.

Do extensive keyword research to be sure you're targeting terms
that get searches every day. Incorporate long tail keywords and
optimize your lesser pages for terms that get only 1 or 2 searches a day. Build more pages if you have terms that get quite a few searches but you don't currently have a page that is relevant.

Do competitive research. Outranking competitors often means
doing what they're doing, only better. Research your competitors
and see what they're doing on their pages and with incoming links
to make sure you're doing the same. Use the Site Strength
Indicator (SSI) tool to see your competitor's incoming links.

Optimize your pages for geo-targeted search. Use the keywords
mentioned in step one in your page title, meta description, H1 tag
and in links pointing to that pag e. Make sure you use the phrase on
the page a few times and mix it up a bit. Use synonyms. For
example, Personal Injury Attorney could also be written as

Attorney for Personal Injury, Personal Injury Lawyer, Accident
Injury Lawyer and so on...

Login and claim your listings in Yahoo Local and Google
Maps. I also suggest spending some time updating your listings at
Microsoft Live Local and some of the Internet Yellow Pages sites if
you're seeing traffic or in terest from them.

Put your physical address and local phone number in text
format on every page of your site. You can do this in the footer of
the page if you like, here's an effective example where they also
give some simple GPS coordinates...

Get local links. Find service or product partners that you support
and that suppor t your business. Ask them to link to you and don't
be afraid to link back. Reciprocal linking penalties are reserved for
sites that go out and spam people for reciprocal links that are
irrelevant to their site offerings.

Your links will be relevant and supported within the context of your
site. The best way to set these links up is in a paragraph of text, not
just as a list of links on a page.

Utilize User Generated Content. Reviews have quite a bit of pull in
most geo-targeted and local platforms. Yahoo Local allows sorting
by highest review and other platforms do as well. We also saw how
the top 10-Box r esults in Google showed quite a few reviews.

Accommodate Nearcasting and Farcasting by using regional
colloquialisms in your text. Someone wh o is looking for a
plumber on the Outer Banks of North Carolina might search for
OBX plumber in stead of Outer Banks plumber This is an example of nearcasting with regional colloquialisms.

Someone looking for a hotel in the Outer Banks area may not have
any clue what OB X means when they first start doing their
research. The different neighborhoods and boroughs of New York
are a prime example. I have no idea where Tribecca is, but the
locals can tell you from what street to what street is considered
Tribecca. They'll use these regional terms when searching for help.

The printed phone book on the kitchen counter very soon be be a thing of
the past. Every computer, laptop, hand held and cell phone is being used to
find information on local businesses. This report will arm you with the tools
you need to get your site ranked on top for local search. The opportunities
are huge and the time to get established is now.

'Cause Local Search rules...

Carrie Hill
Professional Search Engineer
Carrie Hill is an industry-recognized SEO and Copywriter who optimizes sites for Blizzard
Internet Marketing, Inc.

The most common causes for any 'sudden drop' in PageRank

My homepage recently suffered a PageRank drop. Just prior to that,
we added a large number of outbound links and are now wondering if
that was the cause. Are there limits to how many links we should have
on our pages?
Answer:
It's unlikely that adding those outbound links was the cause of your
PageRank dropping. A PageRank drop is nearly always caused by a drop in
external links pointing to a page, not by the links pointing out from the page.
Those incoming links either became partially devalued due to losing inbound
links of their own, or they lost their value completely by being removed or
having the nofollow tag applied to them.
You should examine your inbound links looking for recent changes. You can
do this using our Site Strength Indicator tool (log in with this month's
password). Losing high PageRank inbound links (or if those linking pages
lost PageRank themselves) is the most likely reason for this sudden
PageRank drop.
And, because high PageRank links are so important, all it takes to have an
adverse effect on rankings is to lose just a few.
Bear in mind that it is also possible to dilute the link juice (PageRank) pointing
at your own
site's pages by adding a large number of outbound links all at once. This also
could adversely effect your PageRank.
However in most cases this does not cause enough of a change in
PageRank flow to see any negative effects unless the links you've added are
sitewide (i.e. linking out from every page on your site). For example, if you
have 5-10 outbound links in the footer of every page on your site, that could
have the effect of siphoning PageRank away from your site. In that case, you
may want to limit those outbound links to just a few of your pages, such as
your homepage, rather than making them sitewide.
While it's true that linking to other sites is an important part of building the
social relationships that result in links back to your site, you must also
structure your outbound links intelligently. To learn more about sculpting the
flow of PageRank on your site, see our recent report...
How to Boost your Rankings by Sculpting Your PageRank with
Nofollow
Sculpting your PageRank is a powerful tool for any webmaster. When used
correctly it can give you a much-needed advantage over your competition.
August 2008
Year Twelve
Issue 139
Page Six
Table of
Contents
The most common causes for any 'sudden drop' in PageRank - Search E... http://www.searchenginenews.com/se-news/content/2008/08/the_most_...
2 of 2 8/12/2008 4:17 PM
Finally, note that, as the total number of Internet webpages grows, Google is
always recalculating PageRank for every existing page in their index. It's
possible that you have just as many links as before—but since those links
now represent a smaller percentage of the total pool of webpages, you may
see your PageRank drop. Simply adding new links at a slower rate than in
the past can also cause a PageRank drop.
Most importantly, remember that PageRank does not equal rankings. We've
actually seen many cases where a page's PageRank went down, but their
rankings and traffic went up. So unless your rankings and traffic have
plummeted, you should not stress yourself over a PageRank dip.

PHP Web Developer India

PHP has taken the IT world by storm. Developers have taken a liking for PHP because it is emerging as the most efficient, open-source scripting language. Besides, it’s a well-known fact, that Apache is the most used web server in the world and that PHP is the most used language. The article discusses briefly what makes PHP the cynosure of developer’s eye.
Eager to know who’s the brain behind this big-bang theory in the development world? He’s Rasmus Lerdorf The developer utilized the first version to run his own home page, while his collection of Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) code snippets created by him in 1994 were named Personal Home Page (PHP).

The principle reason for Rasmus to develop PHP language was to keep a track of users viewing his on-line resume. To make it more powerful, Rasmus created functions in C to enable programmer connectivity to a database. This helps programmers coding in PHP, develop dynamic web sites.

Besides the PHP code was open for viewing and manipulation purpose, to further check out its practicality. The arrangement reportedly brought about an improvement in PHP’s coding standards.

In 1995, the second version of Personal Home Page was released along with a form interpreter (PHP/FI).

Such was the craze for the new language that by 1997 over 50,000 websites had PHP installed. In the same year PHP/FI 2.0 was developed by an alpha version. However, developers like Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans discovered that PHP/FI 2.0 was way behind the mark when it came to development of their eCommerce application.

Consequently the progress towards another version of PHP/FI was stopped and PHP 3.0 got the encouraging push. Within no time, version 3.0 proved to be hit due to its innovative features, which helped the end users develop their applications on many databases, protocols and APIs.

The jump from procedural to object orientated coding led to a change in PHP’s focus. The official version of PHP 3.0 was released in June 1998.

After the release, Andy and Zeev got totally engaged in improvisation of the PHP language for about two months in an attempt to optimize the performance of large websites. The duo were trying to introduce modularity in the language. The “Zend Engine” being the result (A combination of two letters existing in the creators Zeev and Andi names). In 1999 the Zend Engine was released.

In May 2000 PHP 3.0 gave way to PHP 4.0. The new version was bifurcated into three sections – The Zend Engine, Server API and Function Modules.

The Zend Engine is accountable for parsing PHP code, defining the syntax of the programming language.

The Server API enables communication and interfacing with the Web Server. With this API, integration of PHP with other servers is possible.

Function Modules comprises MySQL, XML, etc.

PHP 3.0 and PHP 4.0 utilize objects as containers of properties like associated arrays. An associated array is array with keys which have a value associated. The object had to belong to a class full of properties and functions.

Formerly, PHP objects where being utilized as associative arrays rather than the way they should be used. Values were used to pass objects into functions instead of reference. This challenged the purpose of programming with object, according to Zeev Suraski. According to him ‘Objects and other types of values are not equal; therefore, Objects should be passed around by reference unless stated otherwise.”

So far PHP has struck a right chord with the developers. However, in a bid to make it more object oriented PHP 5.0 was evolved, based on the newest Zend Engine 2.0 release.

The Zend website provides an outline on how to use the Zend 2.0 Engine with the latest PHP 5.0 release. In the Zend 2.0 Engine, Andi Gutmans has treated Object very differently. Objects now will be dealt as object handles, indexed in a global object table.

This stirs up an important fact that should not be confused. That fact that the object handles will be passed by their value in the index table. This does not mean that the objects are being passed by value. The result is quite the opposite. The novel feature means that object handles will be passed by value and objects will be passed by reference.

Now PHP will perform functions like a proper Object Oriented language with this latest release of PHP 5. Objects acting like objects will now be of great advantage to the end users, as the overall functionality of the application gets enhanced. Consequently the application will run faster and the problems with regards to object orientation will reduce considerably. This means that large applications will be become easier to maintain and extend upon.

To facilitate PHP 5.0 with its new OO philosophy, Zend 2.0 has unleashed new offerings, like private member variables and methods, static variables and language level aggregation. PHP will now be able to interact with external component models, such as Java, COM/DCOM, and .Net.

This means that PHP now at a comfort level with Java and .Net environment, since the elements in these languages can be used transparently inside PHP, as if they were PHP components.

PHP 5.0 will use the identical interface for all objects, including native objects, ensuring that all objects in the application (i.e. PHP objects and overloaded objects) behave in a steady manner.

Besides PHP 5.0 will further find favor among the developers with its error handling capabilities so now your application can apprise the user of what the problems are.

PHP 5.0 is consistently evolving as the biggest plus point for web applications. With the use of the Zend Engine 2.0, large scale web applications using PHP 5.0 will perform better, thanks to PHP’s continuous drive towards object orientation.